Invasive species - Ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) in Flanders, Belgium

Tim  Adriaens1, Sander Devisscher1, Dimitri Brosens1, Peter Desmet1, Lien Reyserhove1

1 Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), , Belgium

Corresponding author(s): Tim  Adriaens (tim.adriaens@inbo.be)Sander Devisscher (tim.adriaens@inbo.be)Dimitri Brosens (dimitri.brosens@inbo.be)Peter Desmet (peter.desmet@inbo.be)Lien Reyserhove (lien.reyserhove@inbo.be), Sander Devisscher (sander.devisscher@inbo.be)

Received {date}; Revised {date}; Accepted {date}; Published {date}

Citation: Combination of authors, year of data paper publication (in parentheses), Title, Journal Name, Volume, Issue number (in parentheses), and doi of the data paper.

Resource Citation

Adriaens T, Devisscher S, Brosens D, Desmet P, Reyserhove L (2018): Invasive species - Ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) in Flanders, Belgium. v1.2. Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO). Dataset/Samplingevent. https://doi.org/10.15468/ufhbyv https://doi.org/10.15468/ufhbyv

Abstract

Invasive species - Ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) in Flanders, Belgium is a sampling event dataset published by the Research Institute of Nature and Forest (INBO). It contains information on 107 sampling events with 88 validated occurrences of invasive ruddy duck (with 2 extra occurrences reporting on white-headed duck) starting from 2009. These occurrences mainly originate from observations or cullings (through shooting or trapping) of individuals associated with official control actions in Flanders, North Belgium in response to the Bern Convention Action Plan on ruddy duck eradication (Robertson et al. 2015; Bern Convention 2016; Hall 2016). The data are used for feeding the Flemish biodiversity indicator on the progress of ruddy duck eradication. Also, they are used for official reporting to the Bern Convention Action Plan on the eradication of ruddy duck from the Western Palearctic (Bern Convention 2016; Hall 2016) and, as the species is included in the list of invasive species of Union Concern since 2016, for reporting to the EU IAS Regulation (1143/2014) (European Union 2014). The data are also used for research purposes. Here the dataset is published as a standardized Darwin Core Archive and includes for each event: a stable eventID, date and location of observation, and a short description of the sampling protocol (in the event core), supplemented with specific information for each occurrence: a stable occurrenceID, the scientific name and higher classification of the observed species, the number of recorded individuals, sex, life stage, and a reference to the observer and identifier of the record (in the occurrence extension). Issues with the dataset can be reported at https://github.com/inbo/data-publication/issues
We have released this dataset to the public domain under a Creative Commons Zero waiver. We would appreciate it if you follow the INBO norms for data use (https://www.inbo.be/en/norms-data-use) when using the data. If you have any questions regarding this dataset, don't hesitate to contact us via the contact information provided in the metadata or via opendata@inbo.be.
This dataset was published as open data for the TrIAS project (Tracking Invasive Alien Species http://trias-project.be, Vanderhoeven et al. (2017)), with technical support provided by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO).

Keywords: Samplingevent, Ruddy duck, Oxyura leucocephala, Belgium, alien species, TrIAS

Project details

Project title: Tracking Invasive Alien Species (TrIAS)
Personnel: Tim  Adriaens, Peter Desmet, Quentin Groom, Diederik Strubbe, Sonia Vanderhoeven
Funding: TrIAS is funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) call for Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks (BRAIN).
Study area descriptions/descriptor: Belgium.
Design description: The project builds on two components: 1) The establishment of a data mobilization framework for alien species data from diverse data sources and 2) the development of data-driven procedures for risk evaluation based on risk modelling, risk mapping and risk assessment. TrIAS uses facilities from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, http://www.gbif.org), standards from the Biodiversity Information Standards organization (TDWG, http://www.tdwg.org) and expertise from LifeWatch INBO (http://lifewatch.inbo.be) to create and facilitate a systematic workflow. Alien species data are gathered from a large set of regional, national and international initiatives, including citizen science data, with a wide taxonomic scope from marine, terrestrial and freshwater environments. Observation data are funnelled in repeatable ways to GBIF. In parallel, a Belgian checklist of alien species is established, benefiting from various taxonomic and project-based checklists foreseen for GBIF publication.

Data published through GBIF: https://ipt.inbo.be/resource?r=invasive-ruddy-duck-occurrences

Taxonomic coverage

General taxonomic coverage description: This survey reports on the occurrences of the invasive ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) in Flanders in the wild. Ruddy duck is listed as an invasive species of EU concern sensu the EU Regulation 1143/2014, which requires member states to prevent or manage its introduction and spread (European Union 2014).
Taxonomic ranks
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Species: Oxyura jamaicensis

Spatial coverage

General spatial coverage: Flanders, Belgium.
Coordinates: 50°40'12''N and 51°30'36''N Latitude; 2°31'48''E and 5°56'24''E Longitude 

Temporal coverage: 2009 - 2018

Methods

Method step description: 
- . 	The source data for this standardized occurrences dataset is contained in the survey database of the Research Institute of Nature and Forest (INBO).
- . 	A SQL script was developed to extract and transform the data to Darwin Core. This mapping script was uploaded to a GitHub repository  (https://github.com/inbo/data-publication/tree/master/datasets/invasive-ruddy-duck-occurrences/scr) and includes the following steps:
- . 	Perform some basic data cleaning of the raw data.x
- . 	Generate stable and unique identifiers for each event (eventID) and occurrence (occurrenceID).
- . 	Create an event core file with all sampling events whether or not the target species was observed (http://rs.gbif.org/core/dwc_event_2016_06_21.xml).
- . 	Create a occurrence extension file (http://rs.gbif.org/core/dwc_occurrence_2015-07-02.xml).
- . 	The resulting Darwin Core views are connected with the INBO IPT and documented with metadata.
- . 	The dataset is is published and registered with GBIF.
Study extent description: The dataset contains data on ruddy duck observations and culling (through shooting or trapping) in Flanders. Flemish authorities launched an action plan for ruddy duck eradication in 2011 (Agentschap voor Natuur en BoThe dataset contains data on ruddy duck observations and culling (through shooting or trapping) in Flanders. Flemish authorities launched an action plan for ruddy duck eradication in 2011 (Agentschap voor Natuur en Bos 2011). Before that date, breeding pairs were locally tackled by field managers. These actions were sometimes reported in the literature and supplemented to the dataset (e.g. Spanoghe et al. 2010). Since 2012 actions are under coordination of the Agency for Nature and Forest (ANB) and the INBO and are reported to a follow-up committee where different stakeholders are represented. 
Sampling description: The ruddy duck occurrences mainly originate from observations performed during culling (through shooting or trapping) operations. Eradication is performed by a small operational team involving agency officials and a shooter. This is supplemented with actions taken by agency officials in public nature reserves. Every culling action is reported on a standard field form which is transmitted by the ANB to the INBO by email after the action. This form includes: date, site name, hour of arrival at and departure from the site, number of ruddy duck observed (female, male, juvenile, eggs), number of ruddy duck culled (female, male, juvenile, eggs), method used (shooting, egg destruction, use of boat, use of sound, other methods), number of shots fired with rifle or with shotgun and type of ammunition used (in case of shooting), names of team members (communicator, shooter) and tick boxes (none, moderate, strong) for assessing weather circumstances (rain, wind, fog, cloud cover), as these can influence the accuracy of shooting. These observations include actions where ruddy ducks were observed but where the action was unsuccessful as the birds could not be shot. To report on management actions, a standard data form is used. These records are then fed into the INBO survey database.
Quality control description: See step description.

Datasets

Dataset description
Object name: Darwin Core Archive Invasive species - Ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) in Flanders, Belgium
Character encoding: UTF-8
Format name: Darwin Core Archive format
Format version: 1.0
Distribution: https://ipt.inbo.be/archive.do?r=invasive-ruddy-duck-occurrences
Publication date of data: 2019-05-09
Language: English
Licences of use: Public Domain (CC0 1.0)

Metadata language: English
Date of metadata creation: 2018-06-13
Hierarchy level: Dataset

References
Agentschap voor Natuur en Bos (2011). Protocol beheer rosse stekelstaart. Interne nota.
European Union (2014). Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species. Official Journal of the European Union 317, 4.11.2014, p. 35–55
Robertson, P., T. Adriaens, A. Caizergues, P. Cranswick, K. Devos, C. Gutiérrez-Expósito, I. Henderson, B. Hughes, A. Mill, and G. Smith. 2015. Towards the European eradication of the North American ruddy duck. Biological Invasions 17:9-12. s10530-014-0704-3
Spanoghe G., Faveyts W., & Vermeersch G. (2010). Broedende Rosse Stekelstaarten Oxyura jamaicensis in Vlaanderen: een aanwinst ? Natuur.oriolus 76(1): 1-7.
Vanderhoeven S, Adriaens T, Desmet P, Strubbe D, Backeljau T, Barbier Y, Brosens D, Cigar J, Coupremanne M, De Troch R, Eggermont H, Heughebaert A, Hostens K, Huybrechts P, Jacquemart A, Lens L, Monty A, Paquet J, Prévot C, Robertson T, Termonia P, Van De Kerchove R, Van Hoey G, Van Schaeybroeck B, Vercayie D, Verleye T, Welby S, Groom Q (2017) Tracking Invasive Alien Species (TrIAS): Building a data-driven framework to inform policy. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e13414. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e12414