National checklists and red lists for European butterflies

Description

Data Records

The data in this checklist resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 496 records.

2 extension data tables also exist. An extension record supplies extra information about a core record. The number of records in each extension data table is illustrated below.

This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.

Versions

The table below shows only published versions of the resource that are publicly accessible.

How to cite

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

Maes D, Wiemers M, Verovnik R, Warren M, Brosens D, Desmet P (2020): National checklists and red lists for European butterflies. v1.1. Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO). Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15468/ye7whj

Rights

Researchers should respect the following rights statement:

The publisher and rights holder of this work is Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO). To the extent possible under law, the publisher has waived all rights to these data and has dedicated them to the Public Domain (CC0 1.0). Users may copy, modify, distribute and use the work, including for commercial purposes, without restriction.

GBIF Registration

This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: f9af6ffd-febc-4626-b2e8-809b1c60fa01.  Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by Belgian Biodiversity Platform.

Keywords

Checklist; Inventoryregional; checklists; red lists; butterflies; Lepidoptera; Europe; conservation; threatened species; IUCN

Contacts

Dirk Maes

• Originator ●
• Point Of Contact

Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) / Butterfly Conservation Europe (BCE)

BE

dirk.maes@inbo.be

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-3788

Martin Wiemers

• Originator

Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut / Butterfly Conservation Europe (BCE)

DE

martin.wiemers@senckenberg.de

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-3903

Rudy Verovnik

• Originator

University of Ljubljana / Butterfly Conservation Europe (BCE)

SI

rudi.verovnik@bf.uni-lj.si

Martin Warren

• Originator

Butterfly Conservation Europe (BCE)

NL

martin.warren@bc-europe.eu

Dimitri Brosens

• Originator

Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) / Belgian Biodiversity Platform

BE

dimitri.brosens@inbo.be

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-9116

Peter Desmet

• Metadata Provider ●
• Originator

Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)

BE

peter.desmet@inbo.be

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8442-8025

Geographic Coverage

This checklist describes the occurrence status of butterfly species in 42 European countries: Albania*, Andorra*, Austria*, Belarus*, Belgium*, Bosnia and Herzegovina*, Bulgaria*, Croatia*, Cyprus, Czech Republic*, Denmark*, Estonia*, Finland*, France*, Germany*, Greece*, Hungary*, Iceland, Ireland*, Italy*, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania*, Luxembourg*, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands*, North Macedonia*, Norway*, Poland*, Portugal, Romania*, Russia, Serbia*, Slovakia*, Slovenia*, Spain*, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Ukraine*, United Kingdom* and the 3 Macaronesian archipelagos with their 18 islands: Canary Islands (El Hierro, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, La Gomera, La Palma, Lanzorate, Tenerife), Azores (Corvo, Faial, Flores, Graciosa, Pico, Santa Maria, Sao Jorge, Sao Miguel, Terceira), and Madeira (Madeira, Porto Santo). National red list status is included for 33 countries (indicated with *), as well as for Europe and the European Union. There are four European countries without a national butterfly checklist that are therefore not included: Kosovo, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City.

Taxonomic Coverage

This checklist covers the 496 butterfly species of the superfamily Papilionoidea occurring in Europe according to Wiemers et al. (2018). Scientific names published in the source checklists and red lists that deviate from Wiemers et al. (2018) are mapped and indicated in occurrenceRemarks. As a result of lumping names, a limited number of species have multiple distributions in a single country.

Temporal Coverage

Sampling Methods

For each of the 42 European countries, national species lists were compiled using the most recent literature and/or websites. These lists were checked by national experts (all authors of Maes et al. 2019) of the Butterfly Conservation Europe (BCE) consortium, a partnership organisation focused on the conservation of butterflies, moths and their habitats throughout Europe (http://www.bc-europe.eu). The species list of the Macaronesian islands (Tennent 2005) was updated using Vieira and Karsholt (2010) and Vieira (2017) for the Azores, and Báez and Oromí (2010) and Monasterio León et al. (2017) for the Canary Islands. We used locally published species lists and matched them with the most recent taxonomic knowledge and species distribution information as used in the newly updated list of European butterflies (Wiemers et al. 2018). In total, 496 species were considered as being part of the European butterfly fauna, including the Macaronesian archipelagos. 148 (30%) of these species are endemic to the European continent. Apart from national species lists, we also compiled all available information regarding national red lists. Such lists were available for 34 out of the 42 European countries. Some countries such as Germany, Russia and Spain also have red lists at sub-national level (i.e. Länder, provinces, counties), but when a national red list was available, we used the latter for further analysis. Belgium has separate red lists for the two administrative regions that are responsible for nature conservation: Flanders (northern Belgium; Maes et al. 2012) and Wallonia (southern Belgium; Fichefet et al. 2008) and does not have a national red list for the whole country. Therefore, we combined the regional red lists into a Belgian red list by (conservatively) taking the lowest extinction risk category of the two regions as the Belgian red list category. Russia has a relatively old national red list (Iliashenko and Iliashenko 2000; Danilov-Danilian 2001), but only four butterfly species are assessed as declining. We only used relatively recent red lists (≥ 2005), which excluded Russia (2001), reducing the number of countries with red list status included in this dataset to 33. The full reference for all included national checklists and red lists is available at https://github.com/inbo/eurobutt-checklist/blob/e7e63e6728dfbe4612def7d483e5a76b751f0290/data/raw/references.csv

Method step description:

1. The source data for this standardized checklist is a Google Spreadsheet, maintained by the Research Institute of Nature and Forest (INBO) and updated at https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RvxpOYf2ZrTu9nsTLumoi-G-GGhh6_lV37TNtPiVES4/edit?usp=sharing.
2. We developed a RMarkdown script to document and perform the transformation of the data to Darwin Core, which includes the following steps:
3. Download the source data as csv files that are versioned on a GitHub repository (https://github.com/inbo/eurobutt-checklist). See https://inbo.github.io/eurobutt-checklist for an introduction to this repository and the mapping of this dataset.
4. Perform some basic data cleaning of the raw data.
5. Generate stable and unique identifiers for each taxon (taxonID).
6. Create a taxon core file (http://rs.gbif.org/core/dwc_taxon.xml) with information about the higher classification.
7. Create a distribution extension file (http://rs.gbif.org/extension/gbif/1.0/distribution.xml) with the distributions according to the source checklists and red lists (referenced in "source"). Countries are mapped to ISO 3166 codes, islands to marineregions.org identifiers, and occurrence status to http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/occurrence_status.xml (with the addition of "migrant"). 23 of the 33 source red lists follow regional IUCN criteria (https://www.iucnredlist.org/about/regional) and codes.
8. Create a vernacular name extension file (http://rs.gbif.org/extension/gbif/1.0/vernacularname.xml) with the English vernacular names.
9. The resulting Darwin Core data files are uploaded to the INBO IPT and documented with metadata.
10. The dataset is published and registered with GBIF.

Bibliographic Citations

1. Báez M, Oromí P (2010) Lepidoptera. In: Arechavaleta M, Rodríguez S, Zurita N, García A (eds) Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias. Hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2009. Gobierno de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, pp 302-318
2. Danilov-Danilian VI (2001) Red data book of the Russian Federation: animals. AST & Astrel Publ, Moscow
3. Fichefet V, Barbier Y, Baugnée JY, Dufrêne M, Goffart P, Maes D, Van Dyck H (2008) Papillons de jour de Wallonie (1985–2007). Faune-Flore-Habitats, vol n° 4. Groupe de Travail Lépidoptères Lycaena, Département de l’Etude du Milieu Naturel et Agricole (SPW/DGARNE), Gembloux
4. Iliashenko VY, Iliashenko EI (2000) Krasnaya kniga Rossii: pra- vovye akty [Red Data Book of Russia: legislative acts]. State committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Pro- tection, Moscow
5. Maes D, Vanreusel W, Jacobs I, Berwaerts K, Van Dyck H (2012) Applying IUCN Red List criteria at a small regional level: a test case with butterflies in Flanders (north Belgium). Biol Conserv 145:258-266
6. Maes D, Verovnik R, Wiemers M et al. (2019) Integrating national red lists for prioritising conservation actions for European butterflies. J Insect Conserv 23, 301-330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-019-00127-z
7. Monasterio León Y et al (2017) Propuesta actualizada de nombres comunes en castellano para las mariposas de la península ibérica y Baleares (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Bol de la Soc Entomol Aragon 60:463-483
8. Tennent WJ (2005) A check-list of the butterflies of Macaronesia (Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores). Entomol Gaz 56:133-138
9. van Swaay CAM et al (2010) European Red List of butterflies. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9511
10. Vieira V (2017) Vanessa virginiensis (Drury, 1773) in the Azores islands (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). SHILAP Revta Lepid 45:75-81
11. Vieira V, Karsholt O (2010) Lepidoptera. In: Borges PAV et al (eds) A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Princípia, Cascais, pp 188-192
12. Wiemers M, Balletto E, Dincă V, Fric ZF, Lamas G, Lukhtanov V, Munguira ML, van Swaay CAM, Vila R, Vliegenthart A, Wahlberg N, Verovnik R (2018) An updated checklist of the European Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). ZooKeys 811: 9-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.811.28712

Additional Metadata